Which of the following factors can lead to extrinsic aging of the skin?

Extrinsic aging of the skin refers to the aging effects that result from external factors rather than genetic or internal processes. Environmental stressors play a significant role in this, including sun exposure, pollution, smoking, and other lifestyle choices that impact skin health.

Sun exposure, for example, is one of the most significant contributors to extrinsic aging, leading to conditions like wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and hyperpigmentation. Pollution can create free radicals that damage skin cells, further accelerating signs of aging. Therefore, environmental stressors profoundly influence how the skin ages, making them a central factor in extrinsic aging.

Other factors like genetic predisposition, hormonal levels, and diet are important in understanding skin health and aging but relate more to intrinsic aging processes or general health rather than being direct external influences that lead to visible aging signs on the skin.