What can cause post-inflammatory hyper pigmentation in darker skin types?

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a condition characterized by darkened patches of skin that occur following inflammation or injury, and it is particularly prevalent in darker skin types. The key underlying factor for PIH in these skin types is how the skin responds to damage or trauma.

When the skin experiences conditions like acne, eczema, or any form of injury, the inflammatory response can lead to increased melanin production. This excessive melanin can result from trauma caused during extraction of comedones or other procedures that disturb the skin’s surface. Additionally, aggressive exfoliation or sun damage can further exacerbate the risk of developing PIH by irritating the skin or causing additional inflammatory responses.

Genetic factors can influence an individual's skin type and propensity to hyperpigmentation but are not direct causes of PIH. Excessive cleansing can damage the skin barrier but is less specific in relation to inflammatory responses that lead to hyperpigmentation. While lack of moisturizer can contribute to overall skin health, it does not directly cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Thus, trauma from procedures, sun exposure, and significant exfoliation are the most direct causes of PIH in individuals with darker skin tones.